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Sponsored top-level domain

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A sponsored top-level domain (sTLD) is one of the categories of top-level domains (TLDs) maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for use in the Domain Name System of the Internet, alongside[1] country-code top-level domains (ccTLD) and generic top-level domains (gTLD).

A sponsored TLD is a specialized top-level domain that has a sponsor representing a specific community served by the domain. The communities involved are based on ethnic, geographical, professional, technical or other theme concepts proposed by private agencies or organizations that establish and enforce rules restricting the eligibility of registrants to use the TLD.

Generally speaking, a sponsored TLD is a specialized TLD that has a sponsor representing the narrower community that is most affected by the TLD, while an unsponsored TLD operates under policies established by the global Internet community directly through the ICANN process.[2] For example, the .aero TLD is sponsored by SITA, which limits registrations to members of the air transport industry.

Sponsored TLDs[1][3]
TLD Eligibility Sponsors
.aero Members of the air-transport industry SITA
.asia Companies, organisations and individuals in the Asia-Pacific region DotAsia Organisation
.coop Cooperative associations DotCooperation LLC
.edu US Institutions of higher education Educause
.gov United States government, states and local governments Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (an independent agency of the US government)
.int International treaty-based organisations Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
.jobs Human resource managers Since 2005: IANA states that the sponsoring organization is Employ Media LLC[4] (private company), but also presents a delegation report that states Employ Media LLC is a registry, and the sponsoring organization is The Society for Human Resource Management[5] (nonprofit organization)
.mil US Military entities Defense Information Systems Agency (US government)
.post Postal services Universal Postal Union

ICANN only applied the term sponsored TLD to TLDs in the first two rounds of new gTLDs. It did not use the distinction between sponsored and unsponsored for new gTLDs in the 2012 round.[6] Moreover, some sTLDs migrated to non-sponsored gTLDs on the Registry Agreement renewal.[7][8]

Former Sponsored TLDs
TLD Eligibility Former Sponsors
.cat Catalan linguistic and cultural community Fundació puntCat
.mobi Providers and consumers of mobile products and services mTLD Top Level Domain, Ltd.[9]
.museum Museums Museum Domain Management Association
.tel For businesses and individuals to publish contact data Since 2008: Telnic Limited[10]

Since 2017: Telnames Limited[11] (private company)

.travel Travel agents, airlines, hoteliers, tourism bureaus, etc. Since 2005: Tralliance Corporation[12]

Since 2015: Registry is Tralliance Registry Management Company, LLC[13]
Since 2018: Registry is Dog Beach, LLC[14]
Since 2020: Registry is Donuts Inc.[15] (private company)

.xxx Pornographic sites ICM Registry

Types

[edit]
Main article: Top-level domain § Types

As of 2015, IANA distinguishes the following groups of top-level domains:[16]

References

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  1. ^ a b "Root Zone Database". Internet Assigned Numbers Authority.
  2. ^ "Top-Level Domains (gTLDs)". ICANN Archives.
  3. ^ "gTLD Registry Agreements". ICANN.
  4. ^ "Delegation Record for .JOBS". 2005-09-08. Retrieved 2021-02-13.
  5. ^ "IANA Report on the Delegation of the .JOBS Top-Level Domain". 2005-08-31. Retrieved 2021-02-13.
  6. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions on new gTLDs". ICANN.org.
  7. ^ "gTLD Registry Agreements". ICANN.
  8. ^ "Public Comment Summary Report Proposed Renewal of the Registry Agreement for the .XXX top-level domain (TLD)" (PDF). ICANN.
  9. ^ ".MOBI Registry Agreement". ICANN.
  10. ^ "Delegation Record for .TEL". IANA. 2007-03-02. Archived from the original on 2008-11-21.
  11. ^ ".tel Registry Agreement". ICANN. 2016-12-01. Retrieved 2021-02-13. Effective 28 February 2017, the Registry Agreement was assigned by Telnic Limited to Telnames Limited
  12. ^ ".travel Registry Agreement". 2005-05-05. I.3. Retrieved 2021-02-13. ICANN hereby designates Tralliance Corporation as the sponsoring organization
  13. ^ ".travel Registry Agreement". 2015-10-09. Registry Agreement. Retrieved 2021-02-13.
  14. ^ ".travel Registry Agreement". 2018-02-12. Assignment and Assumption Agreement. Retrieved 2021-02-13.
  15. ^ ".travel Registry Agreement". 2020-06-01. Amendment No.3. Retrieved 2021-02-13.
  16. ^ "IANA root zone database". Iana.org. Retrieved 2015-11-10.
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