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Patriarchate of the West Indies

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Patriarchate of West Indies

Patriarchatus Indiarum Occidentalium
Location
Country Spain
TerritoryWest Indies
Caribbean
Information
DenominationCatholic Church
Sui iuris churchLatin Church
RiteRoman Rite
Established11 May 1524
Current leadership
PopeFrancis
PatriarchSede vacante

The Patriarchate of the West Indies (Latin: Patriarchatus Indiarum Occidentalium, Spanish: Patriarcado de las Indias Occidentales) is a patriarchate of the Catholic Church with titular jurisdiction over the Latin Church in Spanish America. It was established in 1524 and held by the Military Vicar of Spain from the creation of that office in 1705. It has been vacant since the death of the last patriarch in 1963.[1][2]

Attempt to create a jurisdictional Patriarchate in the Spanish West Indies

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King Ferdinand V of Castile asked Pope Leo X to establish a patriarchate for the ecclesiastical government of the American territories discovered by the Spaniards. The Holy See was not keen to accept the establishment of such an autonomous Spanish American church and, on 11 May 1524, Clement VII agreed to create it but only as honorific, without jurisdiction and without clergy. In addition, the Patriarch was banned from actually residing in the Americas.

Antonio de Rojas, archbishop of Granada and bishop of Palencia, was the first patriarch. The following patriarchs were the bishop of Jaén Esteban Gabriel Merino (1530–1535) and the archbishop of Granada Fernando Niño y Zapata (1546–1552). After Niño's death, the office remained vacant because Philip II, against the Holy See policy, wished an actual jurisdictional Patriarchate. Finally, the king agreed in 1591 to propose the archbishop of Mexico City (but who was actually resident in Madrid as President of the Council of the Indies) Pedro Moya de Contreras. However, the new patriarch died before he could take the oath of his new office.

In 1602, Philip III abandoned the idea of a jurisdictional Patriarchate and used it as an honorific title for noble clergymen.[3] Philip III gave the honorific title to Pedro Manso de Zuñiga y Sola, brother of Francisco Manso de Zuñiga y Sola.

Merger with the Spanish Military Vicariate

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In 1705, Pope Clement XI named Patriarch Carlos de Borja Centellas the Military Vicar (General) of the Spanish Armies. Beginning in 1736, Pope Clement XII merged the office of Vicar General of the Spanish Armies with the Patriarchate of the West Indies pro tempore et ad septennium, that is, "temporarily for seven years", and added to those titles the Royal Palace's Chaplaincy in 1741.[3]

Clement XIII decreed the merger of the Patriarchate and the Military Vicariate in 1762.[4]

Last incumbent and current status

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In 1933, Patriarch Ramón Pérez Rodríguez was appointed Bishop of Cádiz and Ceuta.[5] The previous year, the Republican Government had abolished the Military Vicariate. Thus, the Patriarchate remained vacant.

During the Civil War, the Nationalists organized a religious military service and the Holy See appointed Cardinal Isidro Gomá, Archbishop of Toledo, as interim Pontifical Delegate. In 1940, Gomá died and the auxiliary bishop Gregorio Modrego was commissioned with the deceased cardinal's military duties. In 1942, Modrego was appointed bishop of Barcelona. During all that time, the Patriarchate remained vacant.[4]

In 1946, the Bishop of Madrid Leopoldo Eijo y Garay was appointed Patriarch of the West Indies, but without the Military Ordinariate, which was established once more as a military archbishopric in 1950, this time without any association with the patriarch's title.

Since Eijo's death, this titular patriarchate has remained vacant and is not considered likely to be filled.[why?]

List of Patriarchs of the West Indies

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Patriarchate of West Indies" Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved February 29, 2016
  2. ^ "Titular Patriarchal See of Indias Occidentales" GCatholic.org. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved February 29, 2016
  3. ^ a b c d e f Hernández Ruigómez, Manuel: "Patriarcado de Indias", in Artola, M. (ed.): Enciclopedia de Historia de España, Madrid: Alianza, V, pp. 927-928
  4. ^ a b (in Spanish) Arzobispadocastrense.com: Raíces históricas de la pastoral con los militares Archived 2009-04-19 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Catholic Hierarchy: Archdiocese of West Indies and GCatholic.org: Titular Patriarchal See of Indias Occidentales, Spain
  6. ^ a b c d e f Eubel, Konrad (1923). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi. Vol. III (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana. p. 213. (in Latin)
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